The script for this video was written before Christopher Nolan’s 2023 movie Oppenheimer was released, so it does not comment on the movie’s content. Instead it examines the three most common identities with which Oppenheimer has become associated in popular culture and historical commentary. Who was Robert Oppenheimer? Hero, destroyer of worlds, communist?
BADASH, LAWRENCE. “Review: SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Reviewed Work(s): Atomic Fragments: A Daughter’s Questions by Mary Palevsky; In the Shadow of the Bomb: Bethe, Oppenheimer, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist by Silvan S. Schweber.” Minerva 42.3 (2004): 285–98.
Bay, Mia. “The Historical Origins of Afrocentrism.” Amerikastudien / American Studies 45.4 (2000): 501–12.
Bella, Timothy. “The Atomic Bombings Left Oppenheimer Shattered: ‘I Have Blood on My Hands.’” Washington Post, 24 July 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2023/07/21/oppenheimer-truman-atomic-bomb-guilt/.
Bernstein, Barton J. “American Conservatives Are the Forgotten Critics of the Atomic Bombing of Japan | Barton J. Bernstein.” The Beacon, 27 July 2023. https://blog.independent.org/2023/07/27/american-conservatives-are-the-forgotten-critics-of-the-atomic-bombing-of-japan/.
———. “Understanding the Atomic Bomb and the Japanese Surrender: Missed Opportunities, Little-Known Near Disasters, and Modern Memory.” Diplomatic History 19.2 (1995): 227–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7709.1995.tb00657.x.
Bingaman, Geoff. “Oppenheimer Reconsidered.” Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project: Insights into J. Robert Oppenheimer, “Father of the Atomic Bomb.” Edited by Cynthia C. Kelly. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2006.
Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007.
Bradley, Michael. Chosen People from the Caucasus: Jewish Origins, Delusions, Deceptions and Historical Role in the Slave Trade, Genocide and Cultural Colonization. Third World Press, 1992.
Broad, William J. “Hans Bethe, Prober of Sunlight and Atomic Energy, Dies at 98” (n.d.).
Chasan, Aliza. “Watch Oppenheimer Discuss Use of the Atomic Bomb in 1965 Interview: It ‘Was Not Undertaken Lightly’ – CBS News.” CBS News, 20 July 2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/j-robert-oppenheimer-atomic-bomb-use-japan-cbs-1965-interview/.
Cohen, Rebecca. “Oppenheimer Went into a Deep Depression after Reading about the Effects of the Atomic Bomb on Japan and Even Publicly Spoke out against Using the Bomb.” Business Insider, 22 July 2023. https://www.businessinsider.com/oppenheimer-depression-reading-about-nuclear-bomb-aftermath-2023-7.
Crease, Robert P. “Judging the Bomb Builders.” Phys. World 18.8 (2005): 15–15. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/18/8/21.
Franck, James, Donald J. Hughes, J.J. Nickson, Eugene Rabinowitch, Glenn T. Seaborg, J.C. Stearns, and Leo Szilard. “Report of the Committee on Political and Social Problems Manhattan Project ‘Metallurgical Laboratory.’” University of Chicago, 11 June 1945. http://www.dannen.com/decision/franck.html.
Harris, Margaret. “A Man, a Plan, a Bomb.” Physics World, 29 January 2015. https://physicsworld.com/a-man-a-plan-a-bomb/.
Hecht, David K. “Magining the Bomb: Robert Oppenheimer, Nuclear Weapons, and the Assimilation of Technological Innovation.” The Dark Side of Creativity. Edited by David Cropley. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
———. “The Atomic Hero: Robert Oppenheimer and the Making of Scientific Icons in the Early Cold War.” Technology and Culture 49.4 (2008): 943–66.
Herken, Greg. “The Cautionary Tale of Robert Oppenheimer.” Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project: Insights into J. Robert Oppenheimer, “Father of the Atomic Bomb.” Edited by Cynthia C. Kelly. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2006.
Hershberg, James G. “James B. Conant and the Atomic Bomb.” Journal of Strategic Studies 8.1 (1985): 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402398508437211.
Hijiya, James A. “The Gita of J. Robert Oppenheimer.” Proceedings, American Philosophical Society 144.2 (2000).
Hoddeson, Lillian, Paul W. Henriksen, and Roger A. Meade. Critical Assembly: A Technical History of Los Alamos During the Oppenheimer Years, 1943-1945. Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Kanon, Joseph. “Introducing Oppenheimer.” Oppenheimer and the Manhattan Project: Insights into J. Robert Oppenheimer, “Father of the Atomic Bomb.” Edited by Cynthia C. Kelly. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2006.
Krzyzaniak, John. “Prominent Nuclear Scientists Did Not Recommend the Atomic Bombings of Japan.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 6 August 2020. https://thebulletin.org/2020/08/prominent-nuclear-scientists-did-not-recommend-the-atomic-bombings-of-japan/.
Kuznick, Peter J. “The Decision to Risk the Future: Harry Truman, the Atomic Bomb and the Apocalyptic Narrative.” Asia Pacific Journal 5.7 (2007).
Lowe, David, Cassandra L. Atherton, and Alyson Miller, eds. The Unfinished Atomic Bomb: Shadows and Reflections. New Studies in Modern Japan. Lanham ; Boulder ; New York: Lexington Books, 2017.
Magazine, Smithsonian, and Jennie Rothenberg Gritz. “An Exclusive Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Los Alamos Lab Where J. Robert Oppenheimer Created the Atomic Bomb.” Smithsonian Magazine, August 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/exclusive-behind-scenes-look-los-alamos-lab-where-robert-oppenheimer-created-atomic-bomb-180982336/.
Mason, Richard. Oppenheimer’s Choice: Reflections from Moral Philosophy. SUNY Series in Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Mian, Zia. “Out of the Nuclear Shadow: Scientists and the Struggle against the Bomb.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 71.1 (2015): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340214563680.
Newman, Robert P. “Hiroshima and the Trashing of Henry Stimson.” The New England Quarterly 71.1 (1998): 5. https://doi.org/10.2307/366722.
Nichols, K.D. “Letter on the Oppenheimer Affair,” 23 December 1953. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/oppenheimer-robert/corr_oppenheimer_1953-12-23.htm.
Oppenheimer, J. Robert. “Letter on Captain Parsons,” 6 October 1944. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/oppenheimer-robert/corr_oppenheimer_1944-10-06.htm.
———. “Letter on Future of Atomic Energy,” 17 August 1945. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/oppenheimer-robert/corr_oppenheimer_1945-08-17.htm.
———. “Letter on the Properties of Uranium,” 20 November 1942. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/oppenheimer-robert/corr_oppenheimer_1942-11-30.htm.
———. “Oppenheimer’s Letter of Response on Letter Regarding the Oppenheimer Affair,” 4 March 1954. http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/oppenheimer-robert/corr_oppenheimer_1954-03-04.htm.
———. “The Open Mind.” The Atlantic, February 1949. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1949/02/the-open-mind/305431/.
———. Uncommon Sense. Boston, MA: Birkhauser Boston, 1984.
Pais, Abraham, and Robert P. Crease. J. Robert Oppenheimer: A Life. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Palevsky, Mary. Atomic Fragments: A Daughter’s Questions. University of California Press, 2000.
Rotblat, Joseph, Jack Steinberger, and Bhalchandra Udgaonkar. A Nuclear-Weapon-Free World: Desirable? Feasible? Avalon Publishing, 1993.
Schweber, S. S. Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2008.
———. In the Shadow of the Bomb: Oppenheimer, Bethe, and the Moral Responsibility of the Scientist. 1st pb. ed. Princeton Series in Physics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Pr, 2008.
Sporzynski, Darius von Guttner. “‘Now I Am Become Death, the Destroyer of Worlds’: Who Was Atom Bomb Pioneer Robert Oppenheimer?” The Conversation, 18 July 2023. http://theconversation.com/now-i-am-become-death-the-destroyer-of-worlds-who-was-atom-bomb-pioneer-robert-oppenheimer-209398.
Stimson, Henry Lewis. “The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb.” Harper’s Magazine (1947). https://www.asianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-harpers-magazine-article-from-1947-the-decision-to-use-the-atomic-bomb-by-henry-stimson-to-accompany-peter-frosts-article-teaching-mr-stimson/.
Stokes, Bruce. “70 Years after Hiroshima, Opinions Have Shifted on Use of Atomic Bomb.” Pew Research Center, 4 August 2015. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/08/04/70-years-after-hiroshima-opinions-have-shifted-on-use-of-atomic-bomb/.
Swain, Frank. “The Forgotten Mine That Built the Atomic Bomb.” BBC, 4 August 2010. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200803-the-forgotten-mine-that-built-the-atomic-bomb.
Szilard, Leo. “A Petition to the President of the United States.” Atomic Heritage Foundation, 17 July 1945. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/key-documents/szilard-petition/.
Taylor, Bryan C. “The Politics of the Nuclear Text: Reading Robert Oppenheimer’s Letters and Recollections.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 78.4 (1992): 429–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00335639209384009.
Thorpe, Charles. Oppenheimer: The Tragic Intellect. University of Chicago Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226798486.001.0001, http://www.bibliovault.org/BV.landing.epl?ISBN=9780226798455.
Valiunas, Algis. “The Agony of Atomic Genius.” The New Atlantis, Fall 2006. https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-agony-of-atomic-genius.
Wellerstein, Allen. “The Uncensored Franck Report (1945-1946).” Restricted Data: The Nuclear Secrecy Blog, 11 January 2012. https://blog.nuclearsecrecy.com/2012/01/11/weekly-document-9-the-uncensored-franck-report-1945-1946/.
Williams, Susan. Spies in the Congo: America’s Atomic Mission in World War II. PublicAffairs, 2016.
Worthington, Taylor. “The Nuclear Family.” IU South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal 19 (2019): 119–37.
“Debate over the Bomb – Nuclear Museum.” Https://Ahf.Nuclearmuseum.Org/, 6 June 2014. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/history/debate-over-bomb/.
“In Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945.” YouTube, 25 October 2006. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8w3Y-dskeg.
“LRB · Steven Shapin: Megaton Man” (n.d.).
“Race for the Hydrogen Bomb: Genesis.” Atomic Archive, 2023. https://www.atomicarchive.com/history/hydrogen-bomb/page-1.html.
“The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner as Told to Andrew Szanton.” Choice Reviews Online 30.07 (1993): 30-3876-30–3876. https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.30-3876.
The United States Strategic Bombing Survey: The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Series) (Pacific War). Washington [D.C]: United States Government Printing Office, 1946. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001621986.
United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report (Pacific War). United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Series) (Pacific War). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1946.
