What is Duginism? | A video series on Russian fascism -

This is a list of the sources used in the video series “What is Dugnism?”. See these links to each video.

Aleksandr Gel’yevich Dugin is a Russian political theorist known for an ideology he has formed entitled the Fourth Political Theory. Dugin regards left and right liberalism as the first political theory, communism as the second, and fascism as the third, claiming his ideology transcends all three. However, commentators on Dugin typically identify his views as a radical far right fascism, founded in Eurasian identitarianism, Russian irridentism, a form of imperialism, and a desire for traditionalism and ethnic purity.

Adam_Goth. “Putin’s Primary Ambition: The Eurasian Federation, 2031.” Reddit Post. R/Imaginarymaps, 15 March 2022. www.reddit.com/r/imaginarymaps/comments/temupp/putins_primary_ambition_the_eurasian_federation/.

adrian🧋🧸 [@aigeneratedboy]. “So Lemme Get This Straight, Comrade Brigid Has Been Racist and y’all Are Surprised She’s Gone Full Mask off Gender Critical?” Tweet. Twitter, 27 July 2022. https://twitter.com/aigeneratedboy/status/1552328420276715523.

Ali, Dr Hassan. “The Western Left’s War on the East.” Substack newsletter. Shattering Hegemony, 23 November 2022. https://hassan1949.substack.com/p/the-western-lefts-war-on-the-east.

Alozie, Bright. “Did Europe Bring Homophobia to Africa?” AAIHS, 21 October 2021. https://www.aaihs.org/did-europe-bring-homophobia-to-africa/.

anonymous. “An Investigation Into Red-Brown Alliances: Third Positionism, Russia, Ukraine, Syria, And The Western Left | Libcom.Org.” Libcom.Org, 1 February 2018. https://libcom.org/article/investigation-red-brown-alliances-third-positionism-russia-ukraine-syria-and-western-left.

Åslund, Anders. “The Myth of Output Collapse After Communism.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 15 March 2001. https://carnegieendowment.org/2001/03/15/myth-of-output-collapse-after-communism-pub-8769.

AvengingLukashenko🇨🇳🇷🇺🇧🇾🇮🇷 [@MarxismAnd]. “Tired of Making This Point Again and Again. Nearly Every Person Who Calls Themselves Transgender Does *not* Suffer from a Generic Mutation or Intersex Condition. These Individuals Make up Only 0.017% of Cases. Transgenderism Is a *social* Phenomena, Not Biological.” Tweet. Twitter, 31 March 2023. https://twitter.com/MarxismAnd/status/1641663463360438273.

Barabanov, Ollya. “Ukraine Conflict: How Russia Forged Closer Ties with Africa.” BBC News, 27 February 2022, § Africa. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60506765.

Barros, George. “The West Overestimates Aleksandr Dugin’s Influence in Russia.” Providence, 8 July 2019. https://providencemag.com/2019/07/west-overestimates-aleksandr-dugins-influence-russia/.

Beiner, Roland. “Fascist International.” Inroads: The Canadian Journal of Opinion 52 (2022). https://inroadsjournal.ca/author/ronald-beiner/.

Boswell, Alan, and Julia Steers. “Russia’s Wagner in Africa.” International Crisis Group, 23 March 2023. https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/russias-wagner-africa.

Brown, George Martin Fell. “Transphobia and the Left: Bogus Science and Bogus Marxism.” Socialist Alternative, 12 May 2020. https://www.socialistalternative.org/2020/05/12/transphobia-and-the-left-bogus-science-and-bogus-marxism/.

Butters, Chris. “Signaling Left, Turning Right: The ‘Radicals’ Rebranding Populism.” Communist Party USA, 17 December 2021. https://www.cpusa.org/article/signaling-left-turning-right-the-radicals-rebranding-populism/.

Carpenter, Ted Galen. “Many Predicted Nato Expansion Would Lead to War. Those Warnings Were Ignored.” The Guardian, 28 February 2022, § Opinion. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/feb/28/nato-expansion-war-russia-ukraine.

Cascais, Antonio. “Russia’s Reengagement with Africa Pays off – DW – 07/26/2022.” Deutsche Welle, 26 July 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/russias-reengagement-with-africa-pays-off/a-61064011.

Chatham House Report. “Myths and Misconceptions in the Debate on Russia.” Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank, 13 May 2021. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/05/myths-and-misconceptions-debate-russia.

Child, David. “Who Is Russian Ultranationalist Alexander Dugin?” Al Jazeera, 23 August. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/23/who-is-russian-ultranationalist-alexander-dugin.

Chris Morlock [@CDMorlock]. “Stannis Psyop Natural Conclusion. Take It from the Old Burned out Tankie Guy, Never Let a Former Neocon (Trotsykite) In.” Tweet. Twitter, 30 March 2023. https://twitter.com/CDMorlock/status/1641320250653442051.

Chupryna, Oleg. “The Truth behind the Myth of Russia ‘Threatened’ by NATO.” Balkan Insight, 22 June 2022. https://balkaninsight.com/2022/06/22/the-truth-behind-the-myth-of-russia-threatened-by-nato/.

Ciuriak, Dan. “NATO’s Enlargement and Russia’s Interests: Existential Threat or Invaluable External Discipline?” Voices From the Hill, 15 November 2022. https://www.norwich.edu/news/voices-from-the-hill/peace-and-war/3991-nato-enlargement-and-russia-interests-existential-threat-or-invaluable-external-discipline.

Dahlburg, John-Thor. “Russia Revokes Law Punishing Gay Sex : Human Rights: Stalin-Era Law Had Mandated Prison Terms of up to Five Years for Males. Homosexuals Cheer Move.” Los Angeles Times, 29 May 1993. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-05-29-mn-41287-story.html.

Davis, Julia. “Russia’s Top 80 Lies about Ukraine.” Russia Lies, 26 July 2015. http://www.russialies.com/russias-top-80-lies-about-ukraine/.

Dugin, Aleksandr. “Fascism—Borderless and Red” (n.d.).

———. “Fourth Political Theory: Shortest Presentation | Geopolitica.RU.” Geopolitika, 24 April 2017. https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/fourth-political-theory-shortest-presentation.

Dugin, Aleksandr and Дугин, Александр. Основы геополитики: геополитическое будущее России : мыслить пространством | Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia. Serii︠a︡ Bolʹshoe prostranstvo. Moskva: Арктогея-центр, 1997.

Dugin, Alexander. Eurasian Mission: An Introduction to Neo-Eurasianism. Arktos, 2014.

———. Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia: English Translation. Independently Published, 1997.

———. The Fourth Political Theory. Edited by John B. Morgan IV. Translated by Mark Sleboda and Michael Millerman. Arktos Media, 2012.

Dunnett, Chris. “A Reply to John Mearsheimer: Putin Is Not a Realist.” Uacrisis.Org, 11 September 2014. https://uacrisis.org/en/9283-reply-john-mearsheimer-putin-realist.

Englestein, L. “Soviet Policy toward Male Homosexuality: Its Origins and Historical Roots.” J Homosex 29.2–3 (1995): 155–78. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v29n02_06.

Fasanotti, Federica Saini. “Russia’s Wagner Group in Africa: Influence, Commercial Concessions, Rights Violations, and Counterinsurgency Failure.” Brookings, 8 February 2022. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2022/02/08/russias-wagner-group-in-africa-influence-commercial-concessions-rights-violations-and-counterinsurgency-failure/.

Fash Busters [@fash_busters]. “Between People’s Forum, United Community Fund, Justice and Education Fund, Tricontinental, Codepink, and Association for Investment in Popular Action Committees Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund Laundered at Least $48 Million to Left Orgs in 2019. Https://T.Co/Z8DkbTuISy.” Tweet. Twitter, 19 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1450569134505345026.

———. “David Sung Mo Chung Has a Paid Position on the Board of People’s Forum and Is Listed as Principal Officer for Justice and Education Fund (First Name Omitted from the JEF Tax Filing?). Https://Projects.Propublica.Org/Nonprofits/Organizations/824975378/202001969349303150/Full Https://Projects.Propublica.Org/Nonprofits/Organizations/611844780/201933169349305308/IRS990 Https://Projects.Propublica.Org/Nonprofits/Organizations/611844780/202012539349301651/IRS990 Https://T.Co/W2l3Uly5ey Https://T.Co/LshYWg0PKl.” Tweet. Twitter, 27 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1453459534396207109.

———. “Goldman Sachs Funds Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL), Specifically People’s Forum Whose Two Co-Executive Officers Are PSL Members Claudia de La Cruz + Manolo De Los Santos. Https://Archive.Is/KTf9Y Https://Archive.Is/A2H0k Https://Archive.Is/OT2dH Https://Dropbox.Com/s/7oq8mpcbzxtxim6/People%E2%80%99s%20Forum.Pdf Https://T.Co/YUe5gHwY6J.” Tweet. Twitter, 8 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1446512074444713990.

———. “Investigation by @newlinesmag Has Found That Some of the Dark Money Being Laundered into People’s Forum Coffers Comes from People’s Support Forum (PSF) and PSF Has Significant Investments in Israeli Companies and Companies Complicit in the Occupation. Https://Newlinesmag.Com/Reportage/the-Big-Business-of-Uyghur-Genocide-Denial/ Https://T.Co/ZZIKoG0PLH.” Tweet. Twitter, 18 January 2022. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1483487894992039946.

———. “Maybe It’s Because BreakThrough News Is a PSL Front. Most of the People Listed on Their ‘Our Team’ Page Are PSL Members + It Promotes PSL Projects like Philadelphia Liberation Center. Https://Archive.Md/Iy7hR Https://Peoplesdispatch.Org/2021/09/16/Hunger-Stalks-the-United-States/ Https://Breakthroughnews.Org/Post/Unity-Survival-Fighting-Hunger-on-the-Streets-of-Philadelphia Https://T.Co/TKnCbOaRgK Https://T.Co/DkPZAZyOOr.” Tweet. Twitter, 6 December 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1467682699049582595.

———. “People’s Forum Just Confirmed Our Hypothesis about Tech Tankie Roy Singham Being the Ultimate Source of Their Millions Laundered through Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund. Https://Archive.Md/VkeQH Https://Fashbusters.Wordpress.Com/2021/11/02/Does-Goldman-Sachs-Fund-the-Peoples-Forum-Psl-Codepink-Aipac-and-Vijay-Prashads-Tricontinental/ Https://T.Co/TuHeB75Ix9 Https://T.Co/CDPvM3zmkh.” Tweet. Twitter, 21 December 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1473393050172940288.

———. “PSL Leader Brian Becker Used to Have a Show on Sputnik Where He Hosted Right-Wingers, Anti-Semites, Anti-Vaxxers, and Conspiracy Theorists. PSL’s Collaboration with Putin’s Right-Wing Regime Is Long-Standing. Https://Medium.Com/@dotcommunism/Psls-Brian-Becker-Loud-Clear-Radio-and-Right-Wing-Entryism-349cf6f29aa4 Https://T.Co/TKnCbOaRgK Https://T.Co/W65qlPcWBE.” Tweet. Twitter, 6 December 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1467695421057343489.

———. “PSL Member Manolo De Los Santos Is on the Boards of People’s Forum (PF) + Justice and Education Fund Which Got Massive Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund Donations in 2019 and Funded United Community Fund Which Gave PF $4 Million 2018. Https://Archive.Is/D6gxC Https://T.Co/KfM2AfYkdU Https://T.Co/W5VrnJVFG6.” Tweet. Twitter, 13 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1448080491064827904.

———. “Tankie Capitalist Roy Singham Sold ThoughtWorks in 2017 for an Undisclosed Amount and That Same Year Goldman Sachs Philanthropy Fund Launders $2.5 Million for an Unknown Donor for People’s Forum Which Was Also Founded in 2017. Https://Money.Cnn.Com/2008/03/14/Technology/Kirkpatrick_thoughtworks.Fortune/Index.Htm Https://T.Co/B6kif3HoZw Https://T.Co/ZoKwuhU2MB.” Tweet. Twitter, 13 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1448077685616517124.

———. “‘The People’s Goldman Sachs’? Https://T.Co/ZSZuFzNjJi.” Tweet. Twitter, 27 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1453439027923853321.

———. “They Should’ve Put Vijay Prashad’s Mug on This Infographic about Roy Singham’s Funding of Newsclick Which Runs pro-CCP Propaganda. (Singham Reportedly Lives in China, Prashad Works for a Chinese University.) Https://Newsclick.in/Author/Vijay%20Prashad Https://Ca.Finance.Yahoo.Com/News/Ed-Probe-News-Portals-Funding-090541894.Html Https://T.Co/Ob2EpXvu4m Https://T.Co/T6RKHjulJQ.” Tweet. Twitter, 13 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1448089892408471552.

———. “Tings Chak Is on the Boards of the Justice and Education Fund + United Community Fund; JEF Got Massive GSPF Funding in 2019 + Funded UCF Which Funded People’s Forum + Tricontinental. Http://Archive.Is/D6gxC Https://Projects.Propublica.Org/Nonprofits/Organizations/824975378 Https://Projects.Propublica.Org/Nonprofits/Organizations/371913339 Https://T.Co/TFBgmUH3h9 Https://T.Co/XHKwvStIvA.” Tweet. Twitter, 13 October 2021. https://twitter.com/fash_busters/status/1448082263103713281.

fashbustersadmin, Author. “Does Goldman Sachs Fund the People’s Forum, PSL, Codepink, AIPAC, and Vijay Prashad’s Tricontinental?” FASHBUSTERS, 2 November 2021. https://fashbusters.wordpress.com/2021/11/02/does-goldman-sachs-fund-the-peoples-forum-psl-codepink-aipac-and-vijay-prashads-tricontinental/.

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Fellows, Grant Scott. “The Foundations of Aleksandr Dugin’s Geopolitics: Montage Fascism and Eurasianism as Blowback.” Master of Arts, University of Denver, 2018.

Fiks, Yevgeniy. “‘Can a Homosexual Be a Member of the Communist Party?’” Chtodelat News, 13 February 2013. https://chtodelat.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/can-a-homosexual-be-a-member-of-the-communist-party/.

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Gilbert, Jack. “Aleksandr Dugin Wants to See a Return to Russian Imperialism.” Vice, 28 April 2014. https://www.vice.com/en/article/3b7a93/aleksandr-dugin-russian-expansionism.

Glazebrook, Dan. “Alexander Dugin and Fascism on the Left.” CounterPunch.Org, 10 April 2022. https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/04/10/alexander-dugin-and-fascism-on-the-left/.

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———. Russian Homophobia from Stalin to Sochi. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.

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j. [@hereiamja]. “Anyway, This Took Only a Few Clicks Https://T.Co/Hvsl7yzWfS.” Tweet. Twitter, n.d. https://twitter.com/hereiamja/status/1394704230502514688/photo/1.

Jackson Hinkle 🇺🇸 [@jacksonhinklle]. “@BenjaminNorton You Know Nothing about Dugin—a Man Who Routinely Condemns Fascism & Is the Foremost Philosopher of Multipolarity. All Is Permitted against Dugin When You Label Him a Fascist. Despicable, Considering He Was Just Targeted for Assassination by UA Nazis & They Killed His Daughter.” Tweet. Twitter, 23 August 2022. https://twitter.com/jacksonhinklle/status/1562136128987078656.

———. “Had a Great Time on @TuckerCarlson — Check out My Full Segment Here ⬇️ Https://T.Co/70Fl6A4w6S.” Tweet. Twitter, 7 September 2022. https://twitter.com/jacksonhinklle/status/1567311844427313154.

———. “There Are More El Salvadoran Americans than Transgender Americans. So No, Trannies Do Not Shape Our Nation’s Soul.” Tweet. Twitter, 31 March 2023. https://twitter.com/jacksonhinklle/status/1641627261685346304.

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———. “Is Russia an Imperialist Power? (II) Lenin’s Legacy.” ALAI, 8 July 2022. https://www.alai.info/en/is-russia-an-imperialist-power-part-ii-lenins-legacy/.

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———. “Alexander Dugin and Eurasianism.” Page 0 in Key Thinkers of the Radical Right: Behind the New Threat to Liberal Democracy. Edited by Mark Sedgwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877583.003.0010, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877583.003.0010.

———. “Novorossiya: A Launching Pad for Russian Nationalists – PONARS Eurasia.” Ponars Eurasia, 15 September 2014. https://www.ponarseurasia.org/novorossiya-a-launching-pad-for-russian-nationalists/.

Laruelle, Marlène. “The Orient in Russian Thought at the Turn of the Century.” Russia Between East and West: Scholarly Debates on Eurasianism. Edited by Dmitry Shlapentokh. BRILL, 2007.

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Martín, Jorge. “Ukraine: Some Observations on the National Question and Russian Intervention.” In Defence of Marxism, 10 February 2022. https://www.marxist.com/ukraine-observations-national-question.htm.

Max Blumenthal [@MaxBlumenthal]. “@arash_tehran Absolutely True. Sectarian Elements ‘on the Left’ Conceived the Term and Gave Liberals Their Favorite New Cudgel to Bash Marxist-Lenininsts and Red Bait Those Who Actually Interfere with Their Imperial Outlook.” Tweet. Twitter, 10 March 2018. https://twitter.com/MaxBlumenthal/status/972605022222606336.

McManus, Matt. “Just Call It Fascism | Commonweal Magazine.” Commonweal Magazine, 27 November 2022. https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/just-call-it-fascism.

Megoran, Nick. “Ukraine War: This Map Holds an Important Clue about Kremlin Fears of Nato Expansion.” The Conversation, 15 September 2022. http://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-this-map-holds-an-important-clue-about-kremlin-fears-of-nato-expansion-190677.

Meroni, Arya. “Marxism and the Oppression of Trans People.” International Viewpoint, 28 June 2021. https://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?article7189.

Middleton, Goprdon R. “Religion in Russian Geopolitical Strategy.” Providence, 2 March 2018. https://providencemag.com/2018/03/religion-russian-geopolitical-strategy-alexander-dugin/.

Msibi, Thabo. “The Lies We Have Been Told: On (Homo) Sexuality in Africa.” Africa Today 58.1 (2011): 55. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.58.1.55.

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———. “NATO-Russia: Setting the Record Straight.” NATO, 21 September 2022. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/115204.htm.

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