{"id":689,"date":"2024-05-19T14:35:03","date_gmt":"2024-05-19T14:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/?p=689"},"modified":"2025-04-16T14:49:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T14:49:20","slug":"an-anarchist-perspective-on-puerto-rico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/19\/an-anarchist-perspective-on-puerto-rico\/","title":{"rendered":"An anarchist perspective on Puerto Rico"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/MNitmt9hofc\" title=\"This video\">This video<\/a> is a conversation providing an anarchist perspective on Puerto Rico and the history of the Puerto Rico independence movement, with a Puerto Rican anarchist. Note this is a casual unscripted conversation intended as a contribution to a broader discussion, without the depth of research typical of my usual videos. However, my views have been informed by the sources listed below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Puerto Rico: an anarchist perspective\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MNitmt9hofc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Abraham, Jenaro. \u201cPuerto Rico\u2019s New Leftist Alliance Poses a Threat to US Imperialism.\u201d <em>NACLA<\/em>, 19 December 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/nacla.org\/puerto-rico-left-alliance-imperialism\">https:\/\/nacla.org\/puerto-rico-left-alliance-imperialism<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Amiri, Farnoush, and D\u00e1nica Coto. \u201cHouse Approves Referendum to \u2018decolonize\u2019 Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>AP News<\/em>, 15 December 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/referendums-puerto-rico-b96884274da9c970e710b6d7d2f65a4d\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/referendums-puerto-rico-b96884274da9c970e710b6d7d2f65a4d<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anderson, Jon Lee. \u201cThe Dream of Puerto Rican Independence, and the Story of Heriberto Mar\u00edn.\u201d <em>The New Yorker<\/em>, 27 December 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/the-dream-of-puerto-rican-independence-and-the-story-of-heriberto-marin\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/news-desk\/the-dream-of-puerto-rican-independence-and-the-story-of-heriberto-marin<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anglada Cordero, Pedro. \u201cThe Power of Solidarity and Mutual Aid: Decolonizing Puerto Rico by Pedro Anglada Cordero.\u201d <em>The Institute for Anarchist Studies<\/em>, 17 May 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/anarchiststudies.org\/decolonizing-puerto-rico-by-pedro-cordero\/\">https:\/\/anarchiststudies.org\/decolonizing-puerto-rico-by-pedro-cordero\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Awartani, Sara. \u201cAnd We Reject: Meditations on Gaza, Solidarity and Latinx Studies.\u201d <em>The Latinx Project at NYU<\/em>, 16 January 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latinxproject.nyu.edu\/intervenxions\/gaza-solidarity-and-latinx-studies\">https:\/\/www.latinxproject.nyu.edu\/intervenxions\/gaza-solidarity-and-latinx-studies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Badillo, Jorell A. Mel\u00e9ndez. \u201cBlack Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921.\u201d JSTOR, 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23769127\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/23769127<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cKirwin R. Shaffer. 2013. Black Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921.\u201d <em>Caribbean Studies<\/em> 41.2 (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/revistas.upr.edu\/index.php\/csj\/article\/view\/129\">https:\/\/revistas.upr.edu\/index.php\/csj\/article\/view\/129<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cVoces Libertarias: The Economic, Political and Social Discourse of Puerto Rican Anarchism, 1900-1917.\u201d <em>Theory In Action<\/em> 5.4 (2012): 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Badillo, Jorell A. Mel\u00e9ndez, and Nathan J. Jun. <em>Without Borders or Limits: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Anarchist Studies<\/em>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=WtEwBwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR5&amp;dq=info:Ybci5kInPUUJ:scholar.google.com&amp;ots=mo_LKzfICp&amp;sig=hbR02W0Vd_APEGBy-aBX8VWHzrI\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=WtEwBwAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PR5&amp;dq=info:Ybci5kInPUUJ:scholar.google.com&amp;ots=mo_LKzfICp&amp;sig=hbR02W0Vd_APEGBy-aBX8VWHzrI<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Br\u00e1s, Dani. \u201cResearch Guides: World of 1898: International Perspectives on the Spanish American War: The Changing of the Guard: Puerto Rico in 1898.\u201d <em>Library of Congress<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/world-of-1898\/puerto-rico-overview\">https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/world-of-1898\/puerto-rico-overview<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buhle, Paul. \u201cThe History of the Puerto Rican Nationalist Movement.\u201d <em>Progressive.Org<\/em>, 1 September 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/progressive.org\/api\/content\/1d9c34ee-4935-11ee-807a-12163087a831\/\">https:\/\/progressive.org\/api\/content\/1d9c34ee-4935-11ee-807a-12163087a831\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Camona B\u00e1ez, Antonio. \u201cBoricua\u2019s Revolutionary Inspiration | Solidarity.\u201d <em>Marxists<\/em>, August 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/history\/etol\/newspape\/atc\/4473.html\">https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/history\/etol\/newspape\/atc\/4473.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coco. \u201c\u2018We Either Organize or We Die, Our Lives Depend on This!\u2019 \u2013 Reflections on Anarchism in Borik\u00e9n (Puerto Rico) after Hurricane Maria and #RickyRenuncia | The Final Straw Radio Podcast.\u201d <em>The Final Straw Radio Podcast<\/em>, 1 September 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/thefinalstrawradio.noblogs.org\/post\/2019\/09\/01\/we-either-organize-or-we-die-our-lives-depend-on-this-reflections-on-anarchism-in-boriken-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria-and-rickyrenuncia\/\">https:\/\/thefinalstrawradio.noblogs.org\/post\/2019\/09\/01\/we-either-organize-or-we-die-our-lives-depend-on-this-reflections-on-anarchism-in-boriken-puerto-rico-after-hurricane-maria-and-rickyrenuncia\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Conatz, Juan. \u201cAnarchy in Puerto Rico | Libcom.Org.\u201d <em>Libcom<\/em>, 5 February 2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/libcom.org\/article\/anarchy-puerto-rico\">https:\/\/libcom.org\/article\/anarchy-puerto-rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coto, Danica. \u201cPuerto Rico Capital Gridlocked by Protesters Demanding Governor\u2019s Resignation.\u201d <em>San Francisco Chronicle<\/em>, 22 July 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/world\/article\/Puerto-Rico-capital-gridlocked-by-protesters-14114537.php\">https:\/\/www.sfchronicle.com\/world\/article\/Puerto-Rico-capital-gridlocked-by-protesters-14114537.php<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DesRochers, Aly. \u201cResearch Guides: Yo Soy (I Am): The Historical Trajectory of Language in Puerto Rico: English Language Influence.\u201d Research guide, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/language-in-puerto-rico\/english-language\">https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/language-in-puerto-rico\/english-language<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00edaz, Jaquira. \u201cLet Puerto Rico Be Free.\u201d <em>The Atlantic<\/em>, November 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2022\/11\/puerto-rico-independence-not-statehood\/671482\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/archive\/2022\/11\/puerto-rico-independence-not-statehood\/671482\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jun, Nathan, and Jorell Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo. \u201cWithout Borders or Limits: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Anarchist Studies\u201d (2013). <a href=\"https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/JUNWBO\">https:\/\/philpapers.org\/rec\/JUNWBO<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Laguarta Ram\u00edrez, Jos\u00e9 A. \u201cMapping the Radical Imagination.\u201d <em>New Politics<\/em> XIX.3 (2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/newpol.org\/issue_post\/mapping-the-radical-imagination\/\">https:\/\/newpol.org\/issue_post\/mapping-the-radical-imagination\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LeBr\u00f3n, Marisol. \u201cKnowledge Produced in the Margins: An Interview with Jorell Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo \u2013 The Abusable Past.\u201d <em>The Abusable Past<\/em>, 5 January 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/abusablepast.org\/knowledge-produced-in-the-margins-an-interview-with-jorell-melendez-badillo\/\">https:\/\/abusablepast.org\/knowledge-produced-in-the-margins-an-interview-with-jorell-melendez-badillo\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mart\u00ednez, Rub\u00e9n Berr\u00edos. \u201cIndependence for Puerto Rico: The Only Solution.\u201d <em>Foreign Affairs<\/em> 55.3 (1977): 561\u201383. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20039687\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/20039687<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Masucci, Justin J. \u201cMasucci on Shaffer, \u2018Black Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921\u2019 | H-Net.\u201d <em>H-Net<\/em>, January 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/networks.h-net.org\/node\/20317\/reviews\/1204604\/masucci-shaffer-black-flag-boricuas-anarchism-antiauthoritarianism\">https:\/\/networks.h-net.org\/node\/20317\/reviews\/1204604\/masucci-shaffer-black-flag-boricuas-anarchism-antiauthoritarianism<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Medina, Alberto C. \u201cThe Case for Puerto Rican Independence.\u201d <em>Current Affairs<\/em>, 5 April 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.currentaffairs.org\/2024\/04\/the-case-for-puerto-rican-independence\">https:\/\/www.currentaffairs.org\/2024\/04\/the-case-for-puerto-rican-independence<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Melendez Badillo, Jorell. \u201cOr\u00edgenes Del 1ro de Mayo En Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>Claridad: El Peri\u00f3dico de La Naci\u00f3n Puertorrique\u00f1a<\/em> 3 (2012): 26\u201329.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mel\u00e9ndez Badillo, Jorell A. \u201cVoces Libertarias: Or\u00edgenes Del Anarquismo En Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>(No Title)<\/em> (2014). <a href=\"https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1130282271274479872\">https:\/\/cir.nii.ac.jp\/crid\/1130282271274479872<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo, Jorell. \u201cA Party of Ex-Convicts: Bol\u00edvar Ochart, Carceral Logics, and the Socialist Party in Early Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>Hispanic American Historical Review<\/em> 101.1 (2021): 73\u201399.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cCuba and Puerto Rico: Transdisciplinary Approaches to History, Literature, and Culture.\u201d Duke University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/hahr\/article-abstract\/104\/1\/175\/382653\">https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/hahr\/article-abstract\/104\/1\/175\/382653<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cLabor History\u2019s Transnational Turn: Rethinking Latin American and Caribbean Migrant Workers.\u201d <em>Latin American Perspectives<\/em> 42.4 (2015): 117\u201322. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0094582X15577381\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0094582X15577381<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Puerto Rico: A National History<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9780691231280\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/9780691231280<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9780691231280\/html\">https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/9780691231280\/html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cPuerto Rico and Disasters-Aftershocks of Disaster: Puerto Rico Before and After the Storm. Edited by Yarimar Bonilla and Marisol LeBr\u00f3n. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019. Pp. Xiii, 384. Illustrations. Index. 17 Paper.\u201d <em>The Americas<\/em> 77.4 (2020): 650\u201352.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Puerto Rico: Historia de Una Naci\u00f3n<\/em>. Planeta M\u00e9xico, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=4959610863700318249&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr\">https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=4959610863700318249&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cYbor City: Crucible of the Latina South by Sarah McNamara.\u201d <em>The Americas<\/em> 81.1 (2024): 191\u201392.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo, Jorell A. \u201cCommemorating May Day in Puerto Rico: New Puerto Rican Movements and Organizations\u2014Comprised Largely of Queer Feminists, Non-Unionized Workers, and Students\u2014Are Using May Day to Imagine Potential Futures and Alternatives to Colonialism and Capitalism.\u201d <em>NACLA Report on the Americas<\/em> 51.3 (2019): 301\u20135. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10714839.2019.1650513\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10714839.2019.1650513<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cImagining Resistance: Organizing the Puerto Rican Southern Agricultural Strike of 1905.\u201d <em>Caribbean Studies<\/em> (2015): 33\u201381.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cMateo and Juana: Racial Silencing, Epistemic Violence, and Counterarchives in Puerto Rican Labor History.\u201d <em>International Labor and Working-Class History<\/em> 96 (2019): 103\u201321.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>The Lettered Barriada: Workers, Archival Power, and the Politics of Knowledge in Puerto Rico<\/em>. Duke University Press, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=KXxEEAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PT5&amp;dq=info:un9arc_CzH8J:scholar.google.com&amp;ots=sz0I9ALCwi&amp;sig=9M2AfEoE7IYI5Fi8eaa1QTUlMBY\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=KXxEEAAAQBAJ&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PT5&amp;dq=info:un9arc_CzH8J:scholar.google.com&amp;ots=sz0I9ALCwi&amp;sig=9M2AfEoE7IYI5Fi8eaa1QTUlMBY<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Morse, Chuck. \u201cAnarchism in Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>The Anarchist Library<\/em>, 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/theanarchistlibrary.org\/library\/chuck-morse-anarchism-in-puerto-rico\">https:\/\/theanarchistlibrary.org\/library\/chuck-morse-anarchism-in-puerto-rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moya, Jos\u00e9 C. \u201cAnarchists of the Caribbean: Countercultural Politics and Transnational Networks in the Age of US Expansion.\u201d <em>Hispanic American Historical Review<\/em> 101.4 (2021): 759\u201360. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/00182168-9367145\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1215\/00182168-9367145<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Noelia Figueroa Couvertier, Ruth, and Shellyne Rodriguez. \u201cThe Shadow of Palestine in Puerto Rico | Intervenxions Journal.\u201d <em>The Latinx Project at NYU<\/em>, 2 November 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latinxproject.nyu.edu\/intervenxions\/the-shadow-of-palestine-in-puerto-rico\">https:\/\/www.latinxproject.nyu.edu\/intervenxions\/the-shadow-of-palestine-in-puerto-rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O\u2019Donnell, Thomas. \u201cA Forgotten Colony: Puerto Rico | Diversity, Equity &amp; Inclusion.\u201d <em>UC Davis<\/em>, 30 April 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/diversity.ucdavis.edu\/events\/forgotten-colony-puerto-rico\">https:\/\/diversity.ucdavis.edu\/events\/forgotten-colony-puerto-rico<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortiz, Aurora Santiago. \u201cPuerto Rico: La Colectiva Feminista En Construcci\u00f3n Are Leading the Resistance.\u201d <em>Black Rose\/Rosa Negra Anarchist Federation<\/em>, 17 January 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/blackrosefed.org\/puerto-rico-la-colectiva-feminista-en-construccion-leading-the-resistance\/\">https:\/\/blackrosefed.org\/puerto-rico-la-colectiva-feminista-en-construccion-leading-the-resistance\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ortiz, Aurora Santiago, and Jorell Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo. \u201cLa Calle Fortaleza in Puerto Rico\u2019s Primavera de Verano.\u201d <em>Society and Space<\/em> (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Aurora-Santiago-Ortiz\/publication\/355889763_La_Calle_Fortaleza_in_Puerto_Rico's_Primavera_de_Verano\/links\/6182dd630be8ec17a96a1754\/La-Calle-Fortaleza-in-Puerto-Ricos-Primavera-de-Verano.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Aurora-Santiago-Ortiz\/publication\/355889763_La_Calle_Fortaleza_in_Puerto_Rico&#8217;s_Primavera_de_Verano\/links\/6182dd630be8ec17a96a1754\/La-Calle-Fortaleza-in-Puerto-Ricos-Primavera-de-Verano.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reichard, Raquel. \u201c5 Things History Books Won\u2019t Tell You About the Young Lords\u2019 Activism.\u201d <em>Remezcla<\/em>, 9 July 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/remezcla.com\/lists\/culture\/young-lords-activism-what-you-didnt-know\/\">https:\/\/remezcla.com\/lists\/culture\/young-lords-activism-what-you-didnt-know\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Santiago-Ortiz, Aurora, and Jorell Mel\u00e9ndez-Badillo. \u201cLa Calle Fortaleza in Puerto Rico\u2019s Primavera de Verano.\u201d <em>Society and Space<\/em> (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=16233387028005485717&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr\">https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=16233387028005485717&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cPuerto Rico\u2019s Multiple Solidarities: Emergent Landscapes and the Geographies of Protest.\u201d <em>The Abusable Past<\/em> (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=4764182986358637639&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr\">https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?cluster=4764182986358637639&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=scholarr<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaffer, Kirwin. \u201cAnarchism and the Long Red Scare in the Caribbean, 1897\u20141925.\u201d <em>Process: A Blog for American History<\/em>, 4 October 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.processhistory.org\/shaffer-anarchism-caribbean\/\">https:\/\/www.processhistory.org\/shaffer-anarchism-caribbean\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaffer, Kirwin R. \u201cIntroduction: Cultural Politics and Transnational Anarchism in Puerto Rico.\u201d Page 0 in <em>Black Flag Boricuas: Anarchism, Antiauthoritarianism, and the Left in Puerto Rico, 1897-1921<\/em>. Edited by Kirwin R. Shaffer. University of Illinois Press, 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5406\/illinois\/9780252037641.003.0001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5406\/illinois\/9780252037641.003.0001<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5406\/illinois\/9780252037641.003.0001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5406\/illinois\/9780252037641.003.0001<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith, Patricia. \u201cStatehood for Puerto Rico?\u201d <em>Upfront<\/em>, 18 September 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/upfront.scholastic.com\/content\/classroom_magazines\/upfront\/issues\/2023-24\/091823\/statehood-for-puerto-rico.html\">https:\/\/upfront.scholastic.com\/content\/classroom_magazines\/upfront\/issues\/2023-24\/091823\/statehood-for-puerto-rico.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Staudenmaier, Mike. \u201cNational Struggle And Class Struggle In Puerto Rico: Lessons for Anarchists by Mike Staudenmaier | Libcom.Org.\u201d <em>Libcom<\/em>, 4 July 2009. <a href=\"https:\/\/libcom.org\/article\/national-struggle-and-class-struggle-puerto-rico-lessons-anarchists-mike-staudenmaier\">https:\/\/libcom.org\/article\/national-struggle-and-class-struggle-puerto-rico-lessons-anarchists-mike-staudenmaier<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>VAGABOND. \u201cWhat Is The 4th Of July To A Puerto Rican?\u201d <em>#nothingtobegainedhere<\/em>, 4 July 2011. <a href=\"https:\/\/nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com\/2011\/07\/04\/what-is-the-4th-of-july-to-a-puerto-rican\/\">https:\/\/nothingtobegainedhere.wordpress.com\/2011\/07\/04\/what-is-the-4th-of-july-to-a-puerto-rican\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yong, Ed. \u201cHow Ancient DNA Can Help Recast Colonial History.\u201d <em>The Atlantic<\/em>, 18 September 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2019\/09\/what-ancient-dna-says-about-puerto-ricos-history\/598246\/\">https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/science\/archive\/2019\/09\/what-ancient-dna-says-about-puerto-ricos-history\/598246\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIndependence.\u201d <em>WAR AGAINST ALL PUERTO RICANS<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/waragainstallpuertoricans.com\/tag\/independence\/\">https:\/\/waragainstallpuertoricans.com\/tag\/independence\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOct. 18, 1898: U.S. Troops Raised U.S. Flag Over Puerto Rico.\u201d <em>Zinn Education Project<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinnedproject.org\/news\/tdih\/us-troops-flag-puerto-rico\/\">https:\/\/www.zinnedproject.org\/news\/tdih\/us-troops-flag-puerto-rico\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSalud to Puerto Rican Heritage Month! | Coqui the Chef,\u201d 1 November 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coquithechef.com\/puertoricanheritagemonth\/\">https:\/\/www.coquithechef.com\/puertoricanheritagemonth\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Grito de Lares: The Rebellion of 1868 | In Search of a National Identity: Nineteeth and Early-Twentieth-Century Puerto Rico | Articles and Essays | Puerto Rico at the Dawn of the Modern Age: Nineteenth- and Early-Twentieth-Century Perspectives | Digital Collections | Library of Congress.\u201d Web page. <em>Library of Congress<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/collections\/puerto-rico-books-and-pamphlets\/articles-and-essays\/nineteenth-century-puerto-rico\/rebellion-of-1868\/\">https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/collections\/puerto-rico-books-and-pamphlets\/articles-and-essays\/nineteenth-century-puerto-rico\/rebellion-of-1868\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Truth About Puerto Rico: A U.S. Colony \u2013 News Beat Podcast.\u201d <em>Rosa Clemente<\/em>, 15 October 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/rosaclemente.net\/the-truth-about-puerto-rico-a-u-s-colony-news-beat-podcast\/\">https:\/\/rosaclemente.net\/the-truth-about-puerto-rico-a-u-s-colony-news-beat-podcast\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This video is a conversation providing an anarchist perspective on Puerto Rico and the history of the Puerto Rico independence movement, with a Puerto Rican anarchist. Note this is a casual unscripted conversation intended as a contribution to a broader discussion, without the depth of research typical of my usual videos. However, my views have &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/index.php\/2024\/05\/19\/an-anarchist-perspective-on-puerto-rico\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;An anarchist perspective on Puerto Rico&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.5.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This video is a conversation providing an anarchist 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