{"id":216,"date":"2022-11-29T15:37:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T15:37:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/?p=216"},"modified":"2025-04-19T03:12:20","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T03:12:20","slug":"bibliography-how-the-woman-king-whitewashes-african-slavery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/29\/bibliography-how-the-woman-king-whitewashes-african-slavery\/","title":{"rendered":"How The Woman King whitewashes African slavery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Resources for understanding the true history of the Kingdom of Dahomey, and how the historical movie <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/fg9ywyeOT6M\" title=\"\">The Woman King whitewashes African slavery<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The director&#8217;s movie has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/entertainment-arts\/movies\/story\/2022-09-28\/woman-king-true-story-explained-revisionist-history-debunked\" title=\"\">attempted to defend the movie against charges of historical revisionism<\/a>, but <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2022\/09\/woman-king-movie-true-story-dahomey-amazons-slave-trade.html\" title=\"\">professional historians have criticized it strongly<\/a>, and there have been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tmz.com\/2022\/09\/17\/calls-for-the-woman-king-to-be-boycotted-amid-slave-trade-criticism\/\" title=\"\">calls for a boycott<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Everything wrong with The Woman King trailer\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/q9hVLGC2xNc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The Woman King\u2019s history problem\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p3gPLrjGDeY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The Woman King whitewashes African slavery\" width=\"950\" height=\"534\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xIgtADlefu0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Achebe, Nwando. <em>Female Monarchs and Merchant Queens in Africa<\/em>. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adejuwon, Akin. \u201c\u2018Art\u2019 of War: Analysis of Weapons of the 19th Century Yoruba Civil Wars\u201d 8 (2019): 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>AFP. \u201cBenin Restores Slavery Monuments to Testify to Brutal Past.\u201d <em>France 24<\/em>, 11 August 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20200811-benin-restores-slavery-monuments-to-testify-to-brutal-past\">https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/20200811-benin-restores-slavery-monuments-to-testify-to-brutal-past<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agaja, Trudo. \u201cFrom My Great and Principal Palace of Abomey in the Kingdom of Dahomey and Empire of Pawpow, January 1726.\u201d <em>The European Magazine: And London Review<\/em> 15 (1789).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Agawu-Kakraba, Yaw, and Komla F. Aggor. <em>African, Lusophone, and Afro-Hispanic Cultural Dialogue<\/em>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alpern, Stanley B. <em>Amazons of Black Sparta, 2nd Edition: The Women Warriors of Dahomey<\/em>. Washington Square, New York: NYU Press, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anderson, Carys. \u201cThe Woman King Celebrates Forgotten Badass Women Without Becoming a Cheap Girlboss Statement: Review.\u201d <em>Consequence<\/em>, 16 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/consequence.net\/2022\/09\/the-woman-king-review-viola-davis\/\">https:\/\/consequence.net\/2022\/09\/the-woman-king-review-viola-davis\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Araujo, Ana Lucia. \u201cDahomey, Portugal and Bahia: King Adandozan and the Atlantic Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Slavery &amp; Abolition<\/em> 33.1 (2012): 1\u201319. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144039X.2011.604562\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144039X.2011.604562<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cForgetting and Remembering the Atlantic Slave Trade: The Legacy of Brazilian Slave Merchant Francisco F\u00e9lix de Sousa.\u201d <em>Crossing Memories: Slavery and African Diaspora<\/em>. Edited by Mariana Pinho Candido and Paul E. Lovejoy. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Living History: Encountering the Memory of the Heirs of Slavery<\/em>. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Politics of Memory: Making Slavery Visible in the Public Space<\/em>. Routledge, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Public Memory of Slavery<\/em>. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, n.d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History<\/em>. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cThe Woman King Softens the Truth of the Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Slate<\/em>, 16 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2022\/09\/woman-king-movie-true-story-dahomey-amazons-slave-trade.html\">https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2022\/09\/woman-king-movie-true-story-dahomey-amazons-slave-trade.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cThe Woman King Softens the Truth of the Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Slate<\/em>, 16 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2022\/09\/woman-king-movie-true-story-dahomey-amazons-slave-trade.html\">https:\/\/slate.com\/culture\/2022\/09\/woman-king-movie-true-story-dahomey-amazons-slave-trade.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cWelcome the Diaspora: Slave Trade Heritage Tourism and the Public Memory of Slavery.\u201d <em>Ethno<\/em> 32.2 (2011): 145\u201378. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1006308ar\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7202\/1006308ar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Austen, Ralph A. \u201cThe Abolition of the Overseas Slave Trade: A Distorted Theme in West African History.\u201d <em>Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria<\/em> 5.2 (1970): 257\u201374.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Austin, Algernon. \u201cIt\u2019s Time to Stop Whitewashing Civil Rights History.\u201d <em>HuffPost<\/em>, 4 February 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/its-time-to-stop-whitewas_b_9158710\">https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/its-time-to-stop-whitewas_b_9158710<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bay, Edna G. \u201cProtection, Political Exile, and the Atlantic Slave Trade: History and Collective Memory in Dahomey.\u201d <em>Slavery &amp; Abolition<\/em> 22.1 (2001): 22\u201341. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/714005176\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/714005176<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey<\/em>. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. <em>Wives of the Leopard: Gender, Politics, and Culture in the Kingdom of Dahomey<\/em>. University of Virginia Press, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bezerra, Nielson Rosa, and Elaine Pereira Rocha. <em>Another Black Like Me: The Construction of Identities and Solidarity in the African Diaspora<\/em>. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Black, Jeremy. <em>War In the Early Modern World, 1450-1815<\/em>. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Blier, Suzanne Preston. <em>Picasso\u2019s Demoiselles: The Untold Origins of a Modern Masterpiece<\/em>. Duke University Press, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Booker, Bobbi. \u201cWest Africa\u2019s Amazons Profiled for Smithsonian\u2019s \u2018Epic Women\u2019 Series.\u201d <em>The Philadelphia Tribune<\/em>, 31 March 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phillytrib.com\/lifestyle\/west-africas-amazons-profiled-for-smithsonians-epic-women-series\/article_1eb95e50-d890-527f-b184-9b459c4ae238.html\">https:\/\/www.phillytrib.com\/lifestyle\/west-africas-amazons-profiled-for-smithsonians-epic-women-series\/article_1eb95e50-d890-527f-b184-9b459c4ae238.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Breihan, Tom. \u201cZack Snyder\u2019s 300 Presaged the Howling Fascism of the Alt-Right.\u201d <em>AV Club<\/em>, 11 August 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avclub.com\/zack-snyder-s-300-presaged-the-howling-fascism-of-the-a-1798265082\">https:\/\/www.avclub.com\/zack-snyder-s-300-presaged-the-howling-fascism-of-the-a-1798265082<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burlingame, Jon. \u201cHow \u2018The Woman King\u2019 Score Honors the Language of the Dahomey Warriors Through Chants and Songs.\u201d <em>Variety<\/em>, 19 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2022\/artisans\/news\/woman-king-music-soundtrack-score-1235376854\/\">https:\/\/variety.com\/2022\/artisans\/news\/woman-king-music-soundtrack-score-1235376854\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burnett, John. \u201cSlavery\u2019s Bitter Legacy in W. Africa.\u201d <em>NPR<\/em>, 12 April 2004, \u00a7 Radio Expeditions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2004\/04\/12\/1833314\/slaverys-bitter-legacy-in-w-africa\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2004\/04\/12\/1833314\/slaverys-bitter-legacy-in-w-africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burton, Sir Richard Francis. <em>A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome<\/em>. Tinsley brothers, 1864.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, hn. \u201cConfronting Africa\u2019s Role in the Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Council on Foreign Relations<\/em>, 26 September 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/blog\/confronting-africas-role-slave-trade\">https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/blog\/confronting-africas-role-slave-trade<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dalrymple-Smith, Angus. \u201cThe Bight of Benin: Dahomey and the Dominance of Export Slavery.\u201d Pages 218\u201347 in <em>Commercial Transitions and Abolition in West Africa 1630\u20131860<\/em>. Vol. 9 of <em>Studies in Global Slavery<\/em>. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004417120_008\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/9789004417120_008<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/book\/9789004417120\/BP000009.xml\">https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/book\/9789004417120\/BP000009.xml<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Demski, Dagnos\u0142aw, and Dominika Czarnecka. \u201cIntroduction: From Western to Peripheral Voices.\u201d <em>Staged Otherness: Ethnic Shows in Central and Eastern Europe, 1850\u20131939<\/em>. Edited by Dagnos\u0142aw Demski and Dominika Czarnecka. Central European University Press, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Diawara, Manthia. <em>African Cinema: Politics &amp; Culture<\/em>. Indiana University Press, 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dipio, Dominica. <em>Gender Terrains in African Cinema<\/em>. African Books Collective, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DK. <em>The Black History Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained<\/em>. Penguin, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dupuis, Annie, and Jacques Ivanoff. <em>Ethnocentrisme et cr\u00e9ation<\/em>. Les Editions de la MSH, 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engerman, Stanley L. \u201cApologies, Regrets, and Reparations.\u201d <em>European Review<\/em> 17.3\u20134 (2009): 593\u2013610. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1062798709000969\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1062798709000969<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engmann, Rachel Ama Asaa. \u201cA Ghanaian Royal Family\u2019s Conflict of Collaboration and Resistance in the African Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Quartz<\/em>, 13 July 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/qz.com\/africa\/1665494\/conflict-and-collaboration-during-african-slave-trade-in-ghana\">https:\/\/qz.com\/africa\/1665494\/conflict-and-collaboration-during-african-slave-trade-in-ghana<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eze, Chinelo. \u201cThe Historical Story That Birth The Famous Film \u2018The Woman King.\u2019\u201d <em>The Guardian Nigeria News &#8211; Nigeria and World News<\/em>, 14 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/editor.guardian.ng\/life\/the-historical-story-that-birth-the-famous-film-the-woman-king\/\">https:\/\/editor.guardian.ng\/life\/the-historical-story-that-birth-the-famous-film-the-woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ezekwesili, Obiageli. \u201cOpinion | China Must Pay Reparations to Africa for Its Coronavirus Failures.\u201d <em>Washington Post<\/em>, 16 April 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2020\/04\/16\/china-must-pay-reparations-africa-its-coronavirus-failures\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2020\/04\/16\/china-must-pay-reparations-africa-its-coronavirus-failures\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Falola, Toyin. \u201cThe End of Slavery among the Yoruba.\u201d <em>Slavery &amp; Abolition<\/em> 19.2 (1998): 232\u201349. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01440399808575248\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01440399808575248<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Flanagan, Jane. \u201cHollywood Finds New Action Heroes in Dynasty of Female Warriors.\u201d <em>The Times<\/em>, 5 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/hollywood-finds-new-action-heroes-in-dynasty-of-female-warriors-xzjx9ght8\">https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/hollywood-finds-new-action-heroes-in-dynasty-of-female-warriors-xzjx9ght8<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Foote, Andrew Hull. <em>Africa and the American Flag<\/em>. New York: Appleton, 1854.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Forbes, Frederick Edwyn. <em>Dahomey and the Dahomans: Being the Journals of Two Missions to the King of Dahomey, and Residence at His Capital, in the Year 1849 and 1850<\/em>. Longman, Brown, Green,and Longmans, 1851.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fuglestad, Finn. <em>Slave Traders by Invitation: West Africa\u2019s Slave Coast in the Precolonial Era<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fujishima, Kenji. \u201c\u2018The Woman King\u2019 Review: An Upflifting but Stale Battle Cry.\u201d <em>Slant Magazine<\/em>, 16 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slantmagazine.com\/film\/the-woman-king-review-viola-davis\/\">https:\/\/www.slantmagazine.com\/film\/the-woman-king-review-viola-davis\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Goldstein, Erik. <em>Wars and Peace Treaties, 1816-1991<\/em>. London; New York: Routledge, 1992. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9780203976821\">https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9780203976821<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gomez, Michael A. <em>African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa<\/em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gooden, Tai. \u201cThe History of the Kingdom of Dahomey and the Dahomey Amazons.\u201d <em>Nerdist<\/em>, 15 March 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/nerdist.com\/article\/history-of-kingdom-of-dahomey-amazons-women-warriors-the-woman-king\/\">https:\/\/nerdist.com\/article\/history-of-kingdom-of-dahomey-amazons-women-warriors-the-woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grant-Gale, Tahra. \u201cTristar Pictures Acquires Worldwide Rights To The Woman King | Sony Pictures Entertainment.\u201d <em>Sony Pictures<\/em>, 1 March 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sonypictures.com\/corp\/press_releases\/2018\/03_18\/030118_thewomanking.html\">https:\/\/www.sonypictures.com\/corp\/press_releases\/2018\/03_18\/030118_thewomanking.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Green, Toby. <em>A Fistful of Shells: West Africa from the Rise of the Slave Trade to the Age of Revolution<\/em>. University of Chicago Press, 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7208\/chicago\/9780226644745.001.0001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7208\/chicago\/9780226644745.001.0001<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bibliovault.org\/BV.landing.epl?ISBN=9780226644745\">http:\/\/www.bibliovault.org\/BV.landing.epl?ISBN=9780226644745<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grobar, Matt. \u201c\u2018The Woman King\u2019 First Look: Viola Davis &amp; Thuso Mbedu Lead Gina Prince-Bythewood\u2019s Historical Epic For TriStar.\u201d <em>Deadline<\/em>, 1 February 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2022\/02\/the-woman-king-first-look-viola-davis-leads-gina-prince-bythewood-film-1234924288\/\">https:\/\/deadline.com\/2022\/02\/the-woman-king-first-look-viola-davis-leads-gina-prince-bythewood-film-1234924288\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hancock, Ange-Marie. <em>Solidarity Politics for Millennials<\/em>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9780230120136\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/9780230120136<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1057\/9780230120136\">http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1057\/9780230120136<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hardung, Christine. \u201cEveryday Life of Slaves in Northern Dahomey: The Process of Remembering.\u201d <em>Journal of African Cultural Studies<\/em> 15.1 (2002): 35\u201344. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696810220146128\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696810220146128<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hargreaves, John D. <em>West Africa Partitioned<\/em>. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-349-02825-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-349-02825-2<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-349-02825-2\">http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/978-1-349-02825-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Harrow, Kenneth W. <em>With Open Eyes: Women and African Cinema<\/em>. Rodopi, 1997.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hornbuckle, Jon. \u201c\u200b\u200bEverything You Need to Know about \u2018The Woman King.\u2019\u201d <em>Time Out Worldwide<\/em>, 7 July 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeout.com\/news\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-new-action-spectacular-the-woman-king-070722\">https:\/\/www.timeout.com\/news\/everything-you-need-to-know-about-new-action-spectacular-the-woman-king-070722<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Houngnikpo, Mathurin C., and Samuel Decalo. \u201cADANDOZAN, KING (1797-1818).\u201d <em>Historical Dictionary of Benin<\/em>. 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Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mwanza, Veronica. \u201cExploring the History of the Agoji, the Warrior Women of the Dahomey Kingdom.\u201d <em>The Best of Africa<\/em>, 21 October 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/thebestofafrica.org\/content\/exploring-the-history-of-the-agoji-the-warrior-women-of-the-dahomey-kingdom\">https:\/\/thebestofafrica.org\/content\/exploring-the-history-of-the-agoji-the-warrior-women-of-the-dahomey-kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Newburry, Colin W. \u201cThe Western Slave Coast and Its Rulers: European Trade and Administration among the Yoruba and Adja-Speaking Peoples of South-Western Nigeria, Southern Dahomey and Togo\u201d (n.d.): 247.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nwakor, Ada. \u201cViola Davis Stars In Upcoming Film, \u2018The Woman King.\u2019\u201d <em>The NATIVE<\/em>, 3 February 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/thenativemag.com\/viola-davis-warrior-epic-the-woman-king\/\">https:\/\/thenativemag.com\/viola-davis-warrior-epic-the-woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nwaubani, Adaobi Tricia. \u201cMy Great-Grandfather, the Nigerian Slave-Trader.\u201d <em>The New Yorker<\/em>, 15 July 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/personal-history\/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader\">https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/personal-history\/my-great-grandfather-the-nigerian-slave-trader<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201c\u2018My Nigerian Great-Grandfather Sold Slaves.\u2019\u201d <em>BBC News<\/em>, 18 July 2020, \u00a7 Africa. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-53444752\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-53444752<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nyan, Evie. \u201cHere\u2019s What Japanese People Think of Hollywood\u2019s Recent \u2018Whitewashing\u2019\u3010Video\u3011.\u201d <em>SoraNews24 -Japan News-<\/em>, 26 April 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/soranews24.com\/2016\/04\/26\/what-do-japanese-people-think-of-hollywood-whitewashing%e3%80%90video%e3%80%91\/\">https:\/\/soranews24.com\/2016\/04\/26\/what-do-japanese-people-think-of-hollywood-whitewashing%e3%80%90video%e3%80%91\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Okogba, Emmanuel. \u201cThe Wars Yoruba Fight.\u201d <em>Vanguard News<\/em>, 6 February 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2021\/02\/the-wars-yoruba-fight\/\">https:\/\/www.vanguardngr.com\/2021\/02\/the-wars-yoruba-fight\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patches, Matt. \u201cThe Woman King Director on What Really Matters in a Historical Epic.\u201d <em>Polygon<\/em>, 17 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/23355931\/the-woman-king-true-story-gina-prince-bythewood-interview\">https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/23355931\/the-woman-king-true-story-gina-prince-bythewood-interview<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Patton, Stacy. \u201cNot Even \u2018The Woman King\u2019 Warriors Can Escape The Colonizer\u2019s Kiss.\u201d <em>MadameNoire<\/em>, 12 July 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/madamenoire.com\/1318729\/not-even-the-woman-king-warriors-can-escape-the-colonizers-kiss\/\">https:\/\/madamenoire.com\/1318729\/not-even-the-woman-king-warriors-can-escape-the-colonizers-kiss\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pierre, Mekishana. \u201c\u2018The Woman King\u2019: Viola Davis and John Boyega on How the Film Puts Women at the Forefront (Exclusive) | Entertainment Tonight.\u201d <em>ET Online<\/em>, 7 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etonline.com\/viola-davis-and-john-boyega-on-how-the-woman-king-puts-women-at-the-forefront-exclusive-190404\">https:\/\/www.etonline.com\/viola-davis-and-john-boyega-on-how-the-woman-king-puts-women-at-the-forefront-exclusive-190404<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pinkvilla Desk. \u201cGina Prince Bythewood to Direct the Historical Drama The Woman King Starring Oscar Winner Viola Davis.\u201d <em>PINKVILLA<\/em>, 15 July 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pinkvilla.com\/entertainment\/hollywood\/gina-prince-bythewood-direct-historical-drama-woman-king-starring-oscar-winner-viola-davis-549631\">https:\/\/www.pinkvilla.com\/entertainment\/hollywood\/gina-prince-bythewood-direct-historical-drama-woman-king-starring-oscar-winner-viola-davis-549631<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plantinga, Carl. \u201cFascist Affect in 300.\u201d <em>The Journal for Movies and Mind<\/em> 13.2 (2019). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3167\/proj.2019.130202\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3167\/proj.2019.130202<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.calvin.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1157&amp;context=calvin_facultypubs\">https:\/\/digitalcommons.calvin.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1157&amp;context=calvin_facultypubs<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potholm, Christian P. <em>Hiding in Plain Sight: Women Warriors Throughout Time and Space<\/em>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Potter, Alexis. \u201c\u2018The Woman King\u2019 Isn\u2019t Historically Accurate. Here\u2019s Why It\u2019s Still Worth Watching.\u201d <em>The Arizona Republic<\/em>, 14 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/entertainment\/movies\/2022\/09\/14\/the-woman-king-movie-2022-review\/10359346002\/\">https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/entertainment\/movies\/2022\/09\/14\/the-woman-king-movie-2022-review\/10359346002\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramos, Miguel Willie. \u201cLa Division de La Habana: Territorial Conflict and Cultural Hegemony in the Followers of Oyo Lukumi Religion, 1850s-1920s.\u201d <em>Cuban Studies<\/em> 34.1 (2003): 38\u201370. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/cub.2004.0022\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/cub.2004.0022<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regis, Helen A. \u201cShips on the Wall: Retracing African Trade Routes from Marseille, France.\u201d <em>Genealogy<\/em> 5.2 (2021): art. 2, p. 27. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genealogy5020027\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genealogy5020027<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reid, John. \u201cTrade to Palm Oil Commerce,\u201d n.d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Review, The Kalahari. \u201cWhy Nigeria Should Pay Reparations for the Slave Trade.\u201d <em>Medium<\/em>, 4 September 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/kalaharireview.com\/why-nigeria-should-pay-reparations-for-the-slave-trade-8f35145b7634\">https:\/\/kalaharireview.com\/why-nigeria-should-pay-reparations-for-the-slave-trade-8f35145b7634<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rife, Katie. \u201cThe Woman King Is an Action Movie with a Fire in Its Belly.\u201d <em>Polygon<\/em>, 13 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/reviews\/23349229\/the-woman-king-review\">https:\/\/www.polygon.com\/reviews\/23349229\/the-woman-king-review<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>River, Julie. \u201cIs The Woman King Actually Based On A True Story?\u201d <em>Looper<\/em>, 8 October 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.looper.com\/1033916\/is-the-woman-king-actually-based-on-a-true-story\/\">https:\/\/www.looper.com\/1033916\/is-the-woman-king-actually-based-on-a-true-story\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ronen, Dov. \u201cOn the African Role in the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in Dahomey.\u201d <em>Cahiers d\u2019\u00c9tudes Africaines<\/em> 11 (1971): 5\u201313.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rowley, Jim. \u201cThe Woman King &#8211; What We Know So Far.\u201d <em>Looper.Com<\/em>, 3 September 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.looper.com\/595514\/the-woman-king-release-date-cast-plot\/\">https:\/\/www.looper.com\/595514\/the-woman-king-release-date-cast-plot\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanusi, Victoria. \u201cLupita Nyong\u2019o on Warrior Women, Whitewashed History and Her Colourism Book.\u201d <em>Gal-Dem<\/em>, 22 October 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/gal-dem.com\/lupita-nyong-o-interview-warrior-women-sulwe\/\">https:\/\/gal-dem.com\/lupita-nyong-o-interview-warrior-women-sulwe\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scanlan, Padraic. \u201cBritish Antislavery and West Africa.\u201d <em>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History<\/em>, 31 August 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277734.013.742\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277734.013.742<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/africanhistory\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277734.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190277734-e-742\">https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/africanhistory\/view\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780190277734.001.0001\/acrefore-9780190277734-e-742<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schimkowitz, Matt. \u201cViola Davis Responds to \u2018Boycott Woman King\u2019 Controversy.\u201d <em>The A.V. Club<\/em>, 20 September 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avclub.com\/viola-davis-responds-to-boycott-woman-king-controversy-1849556281\">https:\/\/www.avclub.com\/viola-davis-responds-to-boycott-woman-king-controversy-1849556281<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scott-Zerr, Amy Marie. \u201cAhosi (Amazons) of Dahomey \u2022,\u201d 29 March 2013. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/global-african-history\/groups-organizations-global-african-history\/amazons-ahosi-dahomey\/\">https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/global-african-history\/groups-organizations-global-african-history\/amazons-ahosi-dahomey\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shaw-Taylor, Yoku. \u201cIncomplete Memories, Distorted Histories: The Loud Silence around Africa\u2019s Complicity in the Slave Trade.\u201d <em>African Arguments<\/em>, 16 November 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/africanarguments.org\/2023\/11\/incomplete-memories-distorted-histories-the-silence-around-africas-complicity-in-the-slave-trade\/\">https:\/\/africanarguments.org\/2023\/11\/incomplete-memories-distorted-histories-the-silence-around-africas-complicity-in-the-slave-trade\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sieff, Kevin. \u201cAn African Country Reckons with Its History of Selling Slaves.\u201d <em>Washington Post<\/em>, 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/africa\/an-african-country-reckons-with-its-history-of-selling-slaves\/2018\/01\/29\/5234f5aa-ff9a-11e7-86b9-8908743c79dd_story.html\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/africa\/an-african-country-reckons-with-its-history-of-selling-slaves\/2018\/01\/29\/5234f5aa-ff9a-11e7-86b9-8908743c79dd_story.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith, Robert. \u201cYoruba Armament.\u201d <em>The Journal of African History<\/em> 8.1 (1967): 87\u2013106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u2014. \u201cYoruba Armament.\u201d <em>The Journal of African History<\/em> 8.1 (1967): 87\u2013106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith, Robert Sydney. <em>Warfare &amp; Diplomacy in Pre-Colonial West Africa<\/em>. Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonderegger, Arno. \u201cThoughts on Two Late 18th Century Histories of Dahomey Relating to the Anti-Slavery Debate.\u201d Application\/pdf (2018): 434521 b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sorentino, Sara-Maria. \u201cSo-Called Indigenous Slavery: West African Historiography and the Limits of Interpretation.\u201d <em>Postmodern Culture<\/em> 30.3 (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/pub\/1\/article\/776607\">https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/pub\/1\/article\/776607<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soumoni, E. A. \u201cDahomean Economic Policy Under Ghezo 1818-1858.\u201d <em>Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria<\/em> 10.2 (1980): 1\u201311.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Soumonni, Elis\u00e9e. \u201cThe Afro-Brazilian Communities of Ouidah and Lagos in the Nineteenth Century: A Comparative Analysis.\u201d <em>Africa and the Americas: Interconnections During the Slave Trade<\/em>. Edited by Jos\u00e9 C. Curto and Ren\u00e9e Soulodre-LaFrance. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Stapleton, Timothy J. <em>A Military History of Africa [3 Volumes]<\/em>. ABC-CLIO, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tamarin, David L. \u201c300: How Zack Snyder\u2019s Movie Glorified Fascism and Foreshadowed the Alt-Right.\u201d <em>MovieWeb<\/em>, 22 August 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/movieweb.com\/zack-snyder-300-fascism-alt-right\/\">https:\/\/movieweb.com\/zack-snyder-300-fascism-alt-right\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarar, Mommina. \u201cHere\u2019s a First Look of Viola Davis in The Woman King.\u201d <em>MovieWeb<\/em>, 4 February 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/movieweb.com\/first-look-viola-davis-the-woman-king\/\">https:\/\/movieweb.com\/first-look-viola-davis-the-woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thornton, John K. <em>Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800<\/em>. Second edition. Studies in Comparative World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. <a href=\"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2027\/heb.01405\">http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2027\/heb.01405<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thornton, John K. \u201cWarfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500\u20131800\u201d (n.d.): 209.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thornton, John Kelly. <em>Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800<\/em>. UCL Press, 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzoigwe, G N. \u201cThe Warrior and the State in Precolonial Africa\u201d (n.d.): 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Van Niekerk Gardiol J. \u201cSlavery in Pre-Contact Africa.\u201d <em>Fundamina\u202f: A Journal of Legal History<\/em> 2004.10 (2004): 210\u201323. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA1021545X_74\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10520\/AJA1021545X_74<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Weddle, Meghan. \u201cSo, Says I, We Are a Brutal Kind: The Dahomey Kingdom\u2019s Great Transition,\u201d n.d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wehniainen, Grace. \u201cIs \u2018The Woman King\u2019 Based on a True Story? Here\u2019s Everything You Need to Know.\u201d <em>Oprah Daily<\/em>, 24 August 2022. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oprahdaily.com\/entertainment\/tv-movies\/a40960459\/is-the-woman-king-based-on-a-true-story\/\">https:\/\/www.oprahdaily.com\/entertainment\/tv-movies\/a40960459\/is-the-woman-king-based-on-a-true-story\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wet, Nici de. \u201cViola Davis Flexes Her Fab Muscles in New Role \u2013 See the Pics!\u201d <em>News24<\/em>, 8 October 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news24.com\/you\/celebs\/international\/viola-davis-flexes-her-fab-muscles-in-new-role-see-the-pics-20201009\">https:\/\/www.news24.com\/you\/celebs\/international\/viola-davis-flexes-her-fab-muscles-in-new-role-see-the-pics-20201009<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>White, Michael. \u201c300 Is a Dangerous Piece of Fantasy.\u201d <em>The Guardian<\/em>, 27 March 2007, \u00a7 Film. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/filmblog\/2007\/mar\/27\/300isadangerouspieceoffa\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/filmblog\/2007\/mar\/27\/300isadangerouspieceoffa<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yoder, John C. \u201cFly and Elephant Parties: Political Polarization in Dahomey, 1840\u20131870.\u201d <em>J. Afr. Hist.<\/em> 15.3 (1974): 417\u201332. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021853700013566\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0021853700013566<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c10 Facts On the Dahomey Amazons of \u2018Woman King.\u2019\u201d <em>Blerd Galaxy Magazine<\/em>, 15 July 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/blerdgalaxy.org\/2020\/07\/14\/10-facts-on-the-dahomey-amazons-of-a-woman-king\/\">https:\/\/blerdgalaxy.org\/2020\/07\/14\/10-facts-on-the-dahomey-amazons-of-a-woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cExpedition Magazine &#8211; Penn Museum,\u201d n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penn.museum\/sites\/expedition\/benin-oyo-and-dahomey\/\">https:\/\/www.penn.museum\/sites\/expedition\/benin-oyo-and-dahomey\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMask, Jagun-Jagun &#8211; AF2002 | Collections &#8211; Penn Museum,\u201d n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penn.museum\/collections\/object\/295916\">https:\/\/www.penn.museum\/collections\/object\/295916<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNigerian Activists Urge Slavery Reparations &#8211; 2001-09-04.\u201d <em>VOA<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/a-13-a-2001-09-04-25-nigerian-66955327\/265657.html\">https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/a-13-a-2001-09-04-25-nigerian-66955327\/265657.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cRoles Played by Leaders of African Societies in Continuing the Trade &#8211; Implications of the Slave Trade for African Societies &#8211; Higher History Revision.\u201d <em>BBC Bitesize<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zxt3gk7\/revision\/7\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/bitesize\/guides\/zxt3gk7\/revision\/7<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sarraounia<\/em>. Drama, History, War. Direction de la Cinematographie Nationale, Les Films Soleil O, 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Dahomey Amazon Women, a Story.\u201d <em>African American Registry<\/em>, 21 February 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/aaregistry.org\/story\/the-dahomey-amazons-a-brief-story\/\">https:\/\/aaregistry.org\/story\/the-dahomey-amazons-a-brief-story\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTHE MILITARY SYSTEM OF BENIN KINGDOM, c.1440 &#8211; 1897\u201d (n.d.): 294.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Statesman\u2019s Yearbook 2020 The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World<\/em>, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-349-95940-2\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/978-1-349-95940-2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Woman King<\/em>. Action, Drama, History. Entertainment One, Jack Blue Productions, JuVee Productions, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Woman King vs. the True Story of Dahomey\u2019s Female Warriors.\u201d <em>HistoryvsHollywood.Com<\/em>, n.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyvshollywood.com\/reelfaces\/woman-king\/\">https:\/\/www.historyvshollywood.com\/reelfaces\/woman-king\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWith Open Eyes\u202f: Women and African Cinema\u201d (n.d.): 296.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cZora Neale Hurston\u2019s Lost Interview With One of America\u2019s Last Living Slaves.\u201d <em>Vulture<\/em>, 29 April 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vulture.com\/2018\/04\/zora-neale-hurston-barracoon-excerpt.html\">https:\/\/www.vulture.com\/2018\/04\/zora-neale-hurston-barracoon-excerpt.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Resources for understanding the true history of the Kingdom of Dahomey, and how the historical movie The Woman King whitewashes African slavery. The director&#8217;s movie has attempted to defend the movie against charges of historical revisionism, but professional historians have criticized it strongly, and there have been calls for a boycott. Achebe, Nwando. Female Monarchs &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/veritas-et-caritas.com\/index.php\/2022\/11\/29\/bibliography-how-the-woman-king-whitewashes-african-slavery\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;How The Woman King whitewashes African slavery&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5],"class_list":["post-216","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-the-woman-king"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 4.9.5.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Historical 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